实际上，司法鉴定的概念只存在于大陆法系国家。在大陆法系国家，实行职权主义诉讼制度，与其相适应的科学鉴定制度为中立鉴定制度，或称为法官委托制度。在法庭调查的过程中，只有法官有权决定是否进行鉴定以及决定鉴定事项、选聘鉴定人的数量，并对鉴定人的活动实施监督和管理，法官有权决定鉴定结论的取舍。因此，大陆法系国家将这种由法官决定委托鉴定并在鉴定中起主导作用的科学鉴定称为司法鉴定。在英美法系国家，实行对抗式诉讼制度或称为当事人主义诉讼制度，与其相适应的鉴定制度为当事人委托鉴定制度或称为对立鉴定制度。在法庭调查的过程中，当事人有权决定是否进行鉴定以及确定鉴定的事项，他们可以根据自己的需要聘请鉴定人，并且对鉴定人的鉴定活动进行监督，必要时更换鉴定人。鉴定结论的取舍关键在于陪审团。因此，英美法系国家将这种由当事人决定委托鉴定并在鉴定中起主导作用的科学鉴定称为法庭科学鉴定，鉴定人又称为“专家证人(expert witness)”，鉴定结论在法律效力上等同于证人证言。

一句一句来吧！免得乱了你看不懂：当然，我无法保证它的正确性……


实际上，司法鉴定的概念只存在于大陆法系国家。在大陆法系国家，实行职权主义诉讼制度，与其相适应的科学鉴定制度为中立鉴定制度，或称为法官委托制度。
In fact, the expert evidence concept only exists in the mainland legal system country.In the mainland legal system country, practices the authority principle lawsuit system, if adapts the science appraisal system for the neutral appraisal system, or is called judge to entrust the system.

在法庭调查的过程中，只有法官有权决定是否进行鉴定以及决定鉴定事项、选聘鉴定人的数量，并对鉴定人的活动实施监督和管理，法官有权决定鉴定结论的取舍。
In court investigation process, only then judge is authorized to decide whether carries on the appraisal as well as the decision appraisal item, selects the expert quantity, and supervises to expert's active implementation and manages, judge is authorized to decide the written the choices.

因此，大陆法系国家将这种由法官决定委托鉴定并在鉴定中起主导作用的科学鉴定称为司法鉴定。
Therefore, the mainland legal system country this kind by judge decided the request appraisal and the leading role science appraisal is called the expert evidence in the appraisal.

在英美法系国家，实行对抗式诉讼制度或称为当事人主义诉讼制度，与其相适应的鉴定制度为当事人委托鉴定制度或称为对立鉴定制度。
In the British and American legal system country, practices the resistance type lawsuit system or is called the litigant principle lawsuit system, if adapts the appraisal system entrusts the appraisal system for the litigant or is called the opposition appraisal system.

在法庭调查的过程中，当事人有权决定是否进行鉴定以及确定鉴定的事项，他们可以根据自己的需要聘请鉴定人，并且对鉴定人的鉴定活动进行监督，必要时更换鉴定人。
In the court investigation process, the litigant is authorized to decide whether carries on the appraisal as well as the determination appraisal item, they may according to own need to invite the expert, when carries on the surveillance to expert's appraisal, the necessity replaces the expert.

鉴定结论的取舍关键在于陪审团。
The written choices key lies in the jury.

因此，英美法系国家将这种由当事人决定委托鉴定并在鉴定中起主导作用的科学鉴定称为法庭科学鉴定，鉴定人又称为“专家证人(expert witness)”，鉴定结论在法律效力上等同于证人证言。
Therefore, the British and American legal system country this kind by the litigant decided the request appraisal and the leading role science appraisal is called the court science appraisal in the appraisal, the expert is called EXPER WIT;written in legal effect superior with in witness testimony.